The burdens faced by parents of preschoolers with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an integrative review

Purpose@#This study examined the literature concerning the burdens of parents of preschool-aged children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. @*Methods@#We employed an integrative review methodology based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in the review. @*Results@#The review yielded four themes: (1) parental burdens, (2) factors related to the burdens, (3) coping strategies, and (4) implications for clinical practice. Parents experienced psychological, physical, and social burdens due to the diabetes care of their children. Several factors influenced burdens, including child-related characteristics such as age, severity of diabetes, and hospitalization experience, as well as parental factors like family income, race, and residential area. Parents initially felt burdened when their child was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but over time, they often adapted to the situation through support and sharing of responsibilities. Parents desired education and interventions reflecting the unique characteristics of preschoolers. @*Conclusion@#This integrative literature review revealed that parents experience numerous burdens when their child is diagnosed with diabetes. Future research should focus on developing interventions to address parents' psychological difficulties, including tracking parental psychological changes over time. Tailored nursing interventions should also be provided to parents of preschool-aged children, as opposed to the more generic nursing interventions traditionally applied across all age groups of children in clinical settings.

Management of Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma Associated with Impacted Tooth in the Posterior Mandible: Case Reports

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare odontogenic tumor, which occurs in young children before the age of 20 years. Radiologically, it is a well-defined radiolucent lesion containing radiopaque masses. Histopathologically, AFO is composed of odontogenic epithelium in a primitive-appearing connective tissue and hard tissue consisting of enamel and dentin. It is commonly found in the mandibular posterior region. AFO may be asymptomatic and is often associated with delayed tooth eruption. As it shows similar characteristics clinically and radiologically to odontoma, differential diagnosis through histopathological examination is important. Treatment of AFO is conservative enucleation, and teeth enclosed or associated with the lesion may require extraction. In this report, 2 young patients who visited our clinic with a chief complaint of delayed eruption were diagnosed as AFO with radiological and histopathological examination. After the surgery, the healing status was found to be favorable, and no evidence of recurrence was observed.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the fertility awareness and attitudes towards parenthood questionnaire

Purpose@#This study presents a translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of two instruments of the Fertility Awareness and Attitudes Towards Parenthood (FAAP) questionnaire (Conditions and Life changes) for use in South Korea. @*Methods@#This methodological study included 166 university students for psychometric evaluation in the sixth step. The first five steps included forward translation, backward translation, committee review, assessment of content validity, and a pre-test. In the sixth step, psychometric properties, including internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity, were evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to identify the structure of the tool and to assess its validity. @*Results@#The Korean version showed acceptable internal consistency. Cronbach's ⍺ was .73 for FAAPC-conditions and .83 for FAAP-Life changes. FAAP-Conditions showed a four-factor structure (social conditions, relationship with partner, external environment, and child-rearing support) and FAAP-Life changes had a two-factor structure (reward and burden). In the confirmatory analysis, CMIN/DF, TLI, IFI, SRMR, CFI, and RMSEA were satisfactory. @*Conclusion@#This study provided preliminary evidence of the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the FAAP questionnaire in university students in South Korea. Nonetheless, further evaluation among Korean young adults is warranted to validate this instrument.

An Integrative Literature Review on Sex Education Programs for Korean College Students / 한국간호교육학회지

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the literature on the sex education programs for Korean college students and to provide a basis for developing effective sex education programs for this population. Methods: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method guided this review of studies conducted from 2000 to 2019. Articles were identified through three electronic databases and scholarly web sites. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Three studies were descriptive, and 12 described interventions. In most of the reviewed studies, sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual autonomy improved after sex education interventions. Before providing sex education, the researchers assessed student's needs for sex education and the various topics provided through sex education programs. Conclusion: When developing sex education programs, we need to a) focus on practical sexual knowledge including contraceptive methods, b) provide repeated and continuous education of a sufficient duration, c) provide comprehensive sex education beyond biological sex, and d) use various teaching methods to allow participants to gain a better understanding. Additionally, sex education should be conducted by experts such as nurses or trained educators to provide systematic and comprehensive education for young adults.

Attitudes towards Parenthood and Fertility Awareness in Female and Male University Students in South Korea

Purpose@#This study investigated intentions and attitudes towards future parenthood and awareness of fertility among university students in South Korea. @*Methods@#The participants comprised 166 female and male undergraduate students enrolled at five universities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2019 using the Korean version of the Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and Attitudes of Parenthood. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on participants' general characteristics, the x2 test to identify differences in intentions, and the t-test to evaluate attitudes towards parenthood and awareness of fertility in female and male students. @*Results@#Both female and male students desired to have two children, but they lacked awareness about fertility. The possibility of combining work and having children, along with the availability of childcare resources, impacted the desire for parenthood. Male students tended to consider parenthood as less impactful on their lives and careers than female students. Social structures might also impact the decision to have children. @*Conclusion@#It is important to provide health education emphasizing fertility awareness and parenthood in young adulthood so participants can consider these facts in advance. In addition, the government should provide resources for couples making parenthood decisions.

Predicting Behavior Problems in Korean Preschoolers: Interactions of the SLC6A4 Gene and Maternal Negative Affectivity

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether maternal negative affectivity (MNA) moderates the effect of genetic polymorphism of SLC6A4 on behavior problems in children. METHODS: Study participants comprised 143 preschoolers and their mothers from South Korea. The Childhood Behavior Checklist and Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability adult scale were used to measure child behavior and maternal affectivity. DNA from saliva was genotyped to determine serotonin transporter polymorphism. RESULTS: MNA appeared to exert effects in externalizing (b=5.78, p<0.001) and internalizing problems (b=6.09, p< 0.001). Interaction between SLCA4 polymorphism and MNA showed effects on externalizing (b=−7.62, p<0.01) and internalizing problems (b=−9.77, p<0.01). Children with two short alleles showed considerable differences in both externalizing and internalizing problems according to MNA; however, children with one short allele or none showed relatively few differences in behavior problems due to maternal affectivity. CONCLUSION: The effect of SLC6A4 polymorphism on child behavior seemed to be moderated by MNA. In addition, the impact of MNA was found to vary based on a child’s genetic risk. High MNA may trigger the risk allele while low MNA causes the risk allele to illicit less behavior problems. Children with two short variants of the SLC6A4 gene may benefit from intervention that modulates MNA.

An Integrative Literature Review on Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Programs for Elementary School Students in South Korea

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review sexual abuse prevention education program for Korean elementary school students.METHODS: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review methods were used and Gough's weight of evidence was employed as a quality appraisal tool. Articles published in Korean or English were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly web sites using three keywords: “elementary school student”, “sexual abuse”, and “prevention education”. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2018 were included in this review.RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were appraised as being high-quality. Among the 12 selected studies, seven were descriptive, while five were intervention studies. Sexual abuse prevention education programs were effective in improving perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors among elementary school students. However, deficiencies were found in the variety of educational methods, utilization of experts, and standardization of the content of sexual abuse prevention education.CONCLUSION: We need to provide various educational methods that are appropriate for specific developmental stages, and the sexual abuse prevention content should draw upon the current sexual education program administered to this population. Furthermore, parents and trained teachers or school health teachers should be included to provide effective education programs for elementary students.

Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes, and Perceptions and Actualities of Sex Education among Elementary School Parents

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the perceptions and actualities of sex education among parents of elementary school children. METHODS: This is a descriptive study with a sample size of 337. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis, including descriptive analyses, the t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: More than 50% of the participants responded that primary sex education for young children should be the responsibility of the parents and that education should be stared during the elementary school period. A moderate correlation was found between parents' sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes (r=.44). Most parents were afraid to provide sex education because of their unfamiliarity with teaching methods and their lack of knowledge. However, 50 of the parents wanted to receive sex-related education. CONCLUSION: We found that parents would like to learn more about sex education from expert lectures or professional organizations. They were interested in topics including the sexual structure of males/females and sexual physiology. Open communication between parents and their children regarding sex-related issues is important. It is crucial to provide accurate and up-to-date sex education information to parents so that they can effectively teach their children at home.

An Integrative Review of Smartphone Utilization for Nursing Education among Nursing College Students in South Korea / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to (a) synthesize nursing education literature using a smartphone for Korean nursing college students based on Whittemore and Knafl's integrative five-step review method and to (b) evaluate the quality appraisal of each article using Gough's weight of evidence. METHODS: Articles published in Korea were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly websites using a combination of three search terms, including nursing student, smartphone, and education. Scientific, peer-reviewed articles in nursing education for Korean college nursing students, written in Korean or in English, and published between January 2000 and May 2018 were included in this review. Thirteen papers met the inclusion criteria and had above average ratings in quality appraisals. RESULTS: Three characteristics related to nursing education using a smartphone were derived: (a) as a familiar media, motivating learning and enabling self-directed learning, (b) for the purpose of education or evaluation utilizing the educational movie of application, and (c) the iterative exercise of smartphone usage reinforces student learning. CONCLUSION: Smartphone use is an effective tool for improving nursing knowledge and skills for nursing college students in nursing education. Future research is needed to standardize smartphone applications across schools for nursing education.

Job Satisfaction of Children Foodservice Employees at Daycare Centers

The research was conducted by center for children's foodservice management in Hanam-si. In order to improve job satisfaction, a survey was carried out by working conditions and job satisfaction in children foodservice employees working at child daycare centers registered from January to April. Ninety-five surveys out of 120 were collected, and 76 surveys were analyzed. Job satisfaction consisted of four elements, working environment, welfare, human relationships, and job-itself, analyzed by general characteristics. Pearson's correlation was carried out between job satisfaction and intention to change job by Likert 5 scales using SPSS statistic program. The percentages of child daycare centers owned by civilians was 52.6%, high school education level was 65.8%, permanent workers was 68.4%, and less than 1 year of foodservice was 34.2%. Average scores of job satisfaction were as follows: working environment scored 20.6 out of 25 points, welfare scored 10.3 out of 15 points, human relationships scored 17.5 out of 20 points, and job-itself scored 13.2 out of 15 points. The lowest job satisfaction average was 'I get paid fairly regarding the working hours and the amount of work' with a score of 3.6 points. Job satisfaction based on facility type, age, education level, and working period did not show significant differences, whereas hired status, numbers of foodservice children, and intention to change jobs showed significant differences. Hired status showed significant differences with welfare satisfaction (P<0.05). Numbers of children showed a significant difference with welfare and human relationship satisfaction (P<0.01, P<0.05). Intention to change job showed a significant difference with four elements of job satisfaction (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). In conclusion, to improve job satisfaction of children foodservice employees, working conditions and welfare satisfaction should be increased.

The Effectiveness of Na Reduction Program for Cook in Child-care Center: Focus on Self-reevaluation and Strengthen Consciousness / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a Na-reduction education program and apply it for cooks who prepare meals in day-care centers. To development of the program was based on increasing the self-awareness of salinity, eating behaviors and enforcing skills of low-Na cooking. METHODS: The study was carried out from April to October in 2013, fifty five cooks participated in this program. The Na reduction program composed of 4 sessions of education which included a 90-minute lecture and self-reevaluation of personal saltsensitivity degree and three low Na recipe cooking classes. In order to measure the effectiveness of the program, the pretest and posttest of salinity of the soups provided by day care centers was conducted at registration and 5 month after the program with the same menu. RESULTS: After the conduct of the program, salimeter using rate was increased from 8.2% to 94.6% after the program and the other measuring instruments using rate was gradually increased. We observed that the score on eating behaviors increased 1.51 points from 38.80 to 40.31 after the intervention program (p < 0.001). Further, increased knowledge and skill provided by the intervention program resulted in improved Nareduction cooking capability. According to the results from analyzing the soup salinity, the salinity in watery soup was significant reduced from 0.556 to 0.449 0.107 and soybean-paste soup was significant reduced from 0.669 to 0.551 after the intervention program (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As the result of fact, the intervention programs that was based on self-reevaluation, to enforce practical skill and consciousness was effective to serve low sodium menu at day care centers.

Retraction: A Novel Carbamoyloxy Arylalkanoyl Arylpiperazine Compound (SKL-NP) Inhibits Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channel Currents in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

No abstract available.

A Novel Carbamoyloxy Arylalkanoyl Arylpiperazine Compound (SKL-NP) Inhibits Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channel Currents in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

In this study, we determined mode of action of a novel carbamoyloxy arylalkanoyl arylpiperazine compound (SKL-NP) on hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel currents (Ih) that plays important roles in neuropathic pain. In small or medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (<40 microm in diameter) exhibiting tonic firing and prominent Ih, SKL-NP inhibited Ih and spike firings in a concentration dependent manner (IC50=7.85 microM). SKL-NP-induced inhibition of Ih was blocked by pretreatment of pertussis toxin (PTX) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) as well as 8-Br-cAMP, a membrane permeable cAMP analogue. These results suggest that SKL-NP modulates Ih in indirect manner by the activation of a Gi-protein coupled receptor that decreases intracellular cAMP concentration. Taken together, SKL-NP has the inhibitory effect on HCN channel currents (I h) in DRG neurons of rats.

A Statistical Analysis of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Perceptions of Acne in Middle School Students in Seoul Seongdong Area / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Acne is one of the most common dermatologic disorders of adolescence. Despite this, there have been few epidemiological studies conducted in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and clinical characteristics of acne. In addition, the perceptions regarding acne causation, exacerbating factors, treatments, and sources of information among middle school students were investigated. METHODS: In a middle school in Seoul, Korea, 629 students (all girls) in 2004 and 832 students (435 boys and 397 girls) in 2008 were asked to complete a questionnaire about the epidemiology, clinical features, and perceptions of acne. RESULTS: In 2004, the prevalence of acne was 66.1% for girls and in 2008, the prevalence was 57.9% and 67.8% for boys and girls respectively. The severity of acne was evaluated using the Korean Acne Grading System (KAGS) and the results showed severity rates of 38.2%, 38.2% and 49.1% for grade 1, 21.6%, 15.2% and 16.1% for grade 2, 5.7%, 4.1% and 2.3% for grade 3, 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.3% for grade 4 and 0.3%, 0.2% and 0% for grade 5 for girls in 2004, and for boys and girls in 2008, respectively. In 2008, the prevalence of acne was higher in girls than boys (p=0.004); however, overall KAGS grades were higher in boys than girls (p=0.034). Additionally, an earlier onset of clinical acne was observed in girls (age 12.08) than boys (age 12.78) (p<0.001). The onset of clinical acne tended to be at a younger age in girls with an earlier onset of the first menarche (p<0.01). In both 2004 and 2008, more than 98% of the students reported their first case of acne on the face alone; however, current sites tended to involve the trunk along with the face (p=0.009, p<0.001, respectively). In 2008, the most commonly involved first site for facial acne was the forehead that over 70% of boys and girls had acne on their foreheads. The students thought high stress (64.5%, 42.0%, 51.2%), lack of sleep (33.8%, 35.7%, 40.2%), and lack of cleansing (26.6%, 35.7%, 45.7%) were the most common aggravating factors of acne for the girls in 2004, and for the boys and girls in 2008, respectively. In both 2004 and 2008, only about 10% of all acne patients had any kind of treatment for acne. Additionally, the students responded that they received information about the treatment of acne mostly from the Internet. The survey showed that 'broadcasting' was the most important point to consider when choosing a hospital and 'efficacy' when choosing a treatment option. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the epidemiological and clinical features of acne in adolescents, and learned that despite the high prevalence of acne among adolescents, only a few had actually had any treatment. Therefore, it is worthwhile to better inform middle school students about acne and the necessity for treatment to reduce acne severity and its impact on those affected.

A Case of Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Propolis on the Lips and Oral Mucosa / 대한피부과학회지

Propolis, also known as 'bee glue' is a wax-like resinous material that is collected from trees by honeybees to protect and repair their hives. This compound is widely used in folk medicine and in the biocosmetic industry for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and anesthetic properties. Because of its sensitizing activity, a number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis to propolis have been reported. Despite this, very few cases of allergic contact dermatitis specifically on the lips and oral mucosa have been reported thus far. We herein report a rare case of allergic contact dermatitis to propolis, presented with cheilitis and oral mucositis caused by a propolis solution that had been used for the treatment of aphthous ulcer.

Transcriptional profiling and Wnt signaling activation in proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells induced by PDGF-BB / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to better understand gene expression profiles of human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and the relationship with the Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS: The global transcript levels in platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated hTERT HSCs were analyzed using oligonucleotide microarrays. Oligonucleotide microarrays with 19K human oligo chips were performed to obtain gene expression profiles associated with proliferation in human hTERT HSCs. The microarray data was verified by real time quantitative PCR and expression of the components of Wnt signaling was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Microarray data showed 243 up-regulated and 265 down-regulated genes in PDGF-BB-treated HSCs. The changes in expression of glypican3 and BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) mRNA in real time quantitative PCR, especially among the highly up- or down-regulated genes, were statistically consistent with the microarray data. The Wnt signaling pathway components, frizzled10 (FZD10) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A), showed increased expression in the short time course microarray and the up-regulation of FZD10 also occurred at the protein level. Our data showed various gene expression profiles during activation of human HSC. CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulated expression of FZD10 and CAMK2A suggests that the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway is active in hTERT HSCs and may participate in HSC activation and proliferation

A Case of Verrucous Carcinoma Arising on the Scrotum / 대한피부과학회지

Verrucous carcinoma is a low grade, locally aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which usually occurs on the oropharynx, genitalia and sole. Verrucous carcinoma of the anogenital area, also known as a Buschke-Loewenstein tumor, most frequently arises on the glans penis and prepuce. However, there are few case reports of verrucous carcinoma arising on the scrotum. A 61-year-old man presented with a well-circumscribed, 3x4 cm sized, round, verrucous mass on the scrotum which developed 2 years ago. He had had diabetes mellitus for 9 years, but had not been treated. A biopsy specimen taken from the tumor revealed the typical finding of verrucous carcinoma.

A Correlation Study on the Resilience of Children with Cancer and Their Mothers / 종양간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate resilience of children with cancer and their mothers. This study aims to identify the main factors behind the resilience of these patients and their mothers. METHOD: To measure the resilience of cancer patients, Kim's (2002) resilience scale was utilized. The Korean Family Functioning Scale revised by Chae (2004) was used to calculate the resilience of mothers. Respondents for this study consist of 60 pediatric cancer patients and their mothers. Data was collected a Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The resilience mean of pediatric cancer patients is 98.32 (3.09+/-0.03) and of mothers is 64.95 (3.08+/-0.25). There appears to be a high resilience in pediatric cancer patients who hold religious beliefs. Similarly, there is a high resilience for mothers who are employed. And there is a significant positive correlation between the resilience of pediatric cancer patients and their mothers. CONCLUSIONS: As the study indicates that there is a definite relationship between the resilience of pediatric cancer patients and their mothers, it is vital to improve the condition of both the patient and his mother to augment the healing process.

A Case of Plasma Cell Cheilitis Treated with Topical Pimecrolimus / 대한피부과학회지

Plasma cell cheilitis is a rare, idiopathic, benign inflammatory disease of lips, characterized by dense plasma cell infiltrates in the upper dermis. It presents as erythematous patches with erosion usually on the lower lip of elderly people. Although, various therapeutic options, including topical steroids, intralesional injection of glucocorticoids, oral nystatin and topical antibiotics have been tried, none of them is promising. A 68-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of erosive patches with crusts on her lower lip, which was resistant to topical corticosteroids. A histopathologic examination revealed dense inflammatory cell infiltration mainly consisting of plasma cells in the dermis, consistent with plasma cell cheilitis. She was treated with topical pimecrolimus and after 2 weeks of application, the lesion started to get better. After 7 weeks it had almost disappeared. Herein, we present a case of plasma cell cheilitis treated with topical application of pimecrolimus.